[8] The oldest verifiable record was "Old Billy", a 19th-century horse that lived to the age of 62. [26] Heavy or draft horses are usually at least 16 hands (64 inches, 163 cm) high and can be as tall as 18 hands (72 inches, 183 cm) high. Noun horse, Equus caballus (gymnastics) horse (chess)… [168], Breeds developed due to a need for "form to function", the necessity to develop certain characteristics in order to perform a particular type of work.
[84] There also are several four-beat "ambling" gaits that are approximately the speed of a trot or pace, though smoother to ride. The estrous cycle of a mare occurs roughly every 19–22 days and occurs from early spring into autumn. [211], Horses also provide psychological benefits to people whether they actually ride or not. The basic coat colors of chestnut and black are determined by the gene controlled by the Melanocortin 1 receptor,[45] also known as the "extension gene" or "red factor,"[44] as its recessive form is "red" (chestnut) and its dominant form is black. Meaning of Equus. [44], Horses that have a white coat color are often mislabeled; a horse that looks "white" is usually a middle-aged or older gray. Approximately 5 million horses are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide.
[233] When turned outside, they require well-maintained, sturdy fences to be safely contained. [181] Many horses are also driven, which requires a harness, bridle, and some type of vehicle. Horses have two olfactory centers. Some horses, both male and female, will also develop one to four very small vestigial teeth in front of the molars, known as "wolf" teeth, which are generally removed because they can interfere with the bit. For example, mounted police horses are still effective for certain types of patrol duties and crowd control. [32] The International Federation for Equestrian Sports, the world governing body for horse sport, uses metric measurements and defines a pony as being any horse measuring less than 148 centimetres (58.27 in) at the withers without shoes, which is just over 14.2 h, and 149 centimetres (58.66 in), or just over 14.21⁄2 h, with shoes. [115], Horses must lie down to reach REM sleep. This number includes around 27 million working animals in Africa alone. Noun
[28] The current record holder for the world's smallest horse is Thumbelina, a fully mature miniature horse affected by dwarfism. [191] Horses can also be used in areas where it is necessary to avoid vehicular disruption to delicate soil, such as nature reserves. [228] When grain is fed, equine nutritionists recommend that 50% or more of the animal's diet by weight should still be forage. [135] Thus, the genetic line was lost. [88] They also tend to be curious; when startled, they will often hesitate an instant to ascertain the cause of their fright, and may not always flee from something that they perceive as non-threatening. Stallions and geldings have four additional teeth just behind the incisors, a type of canine teeth called "tushes".
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