Some of the traits of 16th and 17th-century French that are preserved in Québec French are as follows: 1) the use of the sound /ɛ/ (eh) in the adjectives droit (right, straight) and froid (cold) and in subjunctive forms of the verb être (to be), such as sois, so that they are pronounced drette, frette, and seille, respectively; 2) the use of s’assir for s’asseoir (to sit down), s’écarter (to go away) to mean “to get lost,” serrer (to tighten) to mean “to organize or to put away,” à cause que (because that) to mean “because,” mais que (but that) to mean “when” or “as soon as,” and the preposition à (at) to situate actions or events in time, so that, for example, instead of saying ce soir, ce matin, tous les jours (this evening, this morning, every day), people say à soir, à matin, à tous les jours.

The reason for standardization is that in communities where francophones are in the minority, francophone parents who do not speak French with their children at home rely on French-language schools to teach it to them. This phenomenon of discursive blending is illustrated by the following utterance from a corpus collected by Marie-Ève Perrot among youth ages 16 to 19 in Moncton. Summertime in Canada also brings the best weather to the Pacific Northwest, where the temperatures stay much cooler than they do further south. The statistics from the 2011 census show that nearly 40 years after the adoption of the Charter of the French Language, French was exerting significant pressure on language minorities in Québec. A secondary school was founded in Quebec in 1635 by Jesuit to offer education to the Children in the city. Canada: public school graduates, by province 2017/18 Postsecondary graduates in Canada, by province 2017 Canada: university/college graduates, by gender and field of study 2017 Hélène Blondeau, Naomi Nagy, Gillian Sankoff and Pierrette Thibault, "La couleur locale du français L2 des anglo-montréalais," Acquisition et interaction en langue étrangère 17 (2002): 73-100. In the early 18th century, colonists from New France settled in this area, between Lake Erie and Lake Huron, on both sides of the Detroit River. Analogous differences can be found in written French, though they are not so marked as in oral French. French is the official language of the province of Québec and is spoken by a significant portion of their population. In Quebec, also, the Roman Catholic church is supported by a tax called the tithe. There are now Acadian communities in all four Atlantic provinces and in some parts of Québec (the Magdalen Islands and several villages on the south coast of the Gaspé Peninsula and the north shore of the St. Lawrence estuary). The mission and trading post at Sault Ste. Studies on Québec French borrowings from English show that they are used in a way very similar to other features of ordinary French. French is the mother tongue of approximately 7.2 million Canadians (20.6 per cent of the Canadian population, second to English at 56 per cent) according to the 2016 Canadian Census. Another innovation is the use of the interrogative particle -tu in such phrases as ça va-tu? The Treaty of Paris (1763) completed the British takeover, removing France from Canadian territory, except for Saint Pierre and Miquelon at the entrance of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Anglicization and language attrition involve the use of turns of phrase that betray the influence of English or an imperfect mastery of the complexities and irregularities of French, indicating that French is no longer the main language of communication and is losing ground to English. Acadian French has several characteristics that were typical of the French spoken in the 16th and 17th centuries but have disappeared from the French spoken in Québec and France today. In addition to New Brunswick, Acadian French has speakers in portions of mainland Quebec and in the Atlantic provinces of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, 7.3m of 33.5m Canadians Call French Their Mother Tongue, Facts and Figures About the French Language, How to Say All 50 Us States in French (And Why We Should Care), Touring Montréal: An Easy French-English Bilingual Story, An Introduction to Translation and Interpretation. The way that French was traditionally taught in the schools was not good enough to give students the French-language skills they needed to meet the new bilingualism requirements resulting from the Charter. Raymond Mougeon, Sandrine Hallion, Robert Papen and Davy Bigot, "Convergence vs divergence : variantes morphologiques de la première personne de l’auxiliaire aller dans les variétés de français laurentien du Canada," dans Carmen LeBlanc, France Martineau and Yves Frenette, Vues sur les français d’ici (Québec: Presses de l’Université Laval, 2013), 131-184. For example, within New Brunswick and Nova Scotia respectively, linguistics scholar Karin Flikeid found considerable variation in the ways that the nasal vowels of French are pronounced. The 2011 census also shows that individuals with French as their mother tongue are in the majority in Québec (78 per cent of the province’s population) and in the minority in the nine other provinces (0.49 per cent in Newfoundland, 3.42 per cent in Nova Scotia, 3.75 per cent in Prince Edward Island, 31.56 per cent in New Brunswick, 3.88 per cent in Ontario, 3.53 per cent in Manitoba, 1.6 per cent in Saskatchewan, 1.9 per cent in Alberta, and 1.2 per cent in British Columbia). The former tends to include traits particular to Québec, such as those just discussed, while the latter, though still incorporating some traits of local French, tends to come closer to standard French. Canada was emerging as a federal state by the late 18th century, which involved dividing the Canadian colony into two designated provinces: the primarily English-speaking Upper Canada (now Ontario), and the predominantly French-speaking Lower Canada (now Quebec). The data also show that in the 650 French-language schools operating outside Québec, some students come from homes where French is used seldom or not at all. The census data show that this trend accelerated from 1971 to 2011. France Martineau, "Le français des pionniers de la Saskatchewan: quelques pistes de réflexion," in Robert Papen and Sandrine Hallion, eds., À l’ouest des Grands Lacs: communautés francophones et variétés de français dans les Prairies et en Colombie-Britannique (Québec: Presses de l’Université Laval, 2014), 155-187. Among the 904,185 Quebecers whose mother tongue was neither French nor English, the proportion who spoke French at home was higher than the proportion who spoke English — the first time this pattern had been seen in the census. Constituting nearly one-sixth of Canada’s total land area, Quebec is the largest of Canada’s 10 provinces in area and is second only to Ontario in population.

In the middle of the 1800’s, when a public-school system was established in old Canada, the English-speaking Protestant minority in Canada East, formerly Lower Canada and now Quebec, insisted on having their own separate system of tax-supported schools. The city of Ottawa counts the greatest number of Franco-Ontarians in the province. The number of Canadians with French as their first official language spoken increased from 7.4 million in 2006 to 7.7 million in 2011. In France the government of the Third Republic had turned on the church and driven out many of the antirepublican clergy. Many Americans wonder why the French in Canada have not been assimilated—swallowed up in the English majority. The provincial governments of Ontario, New Brunswick and Manitoba are required to provide services in French where justified by the number of francophones. Manitoba also has a significant Franco-Manitoban community, centred especially in the St. Boniface area of Winnipeg, but also in numerous surrounding towns. Also, Île Royale had 4,000 inhabitants (of which 1,500 were in Louisbourg), and Île Saint-Jean had 500 inhabitants.
2. In 2011, 7,054,975 people in Canada (21 per cent of the country’s population) had French as their mother tongue. In 1524, the Florentine navigator Giovanni da Verrazzano, working for Italian bankers in France, explored the American coast from Florida to Cape Breton. French Canadians form considerable minorities in every other province except British Columbia. These programs proved far more effective than traditional French-language instruction, and as a result, bilingual education became extremely popular in Québec. Québec French has also innovated in its use of certain suffixes. Given the particularly charged symbolism that words borrowed from English can have in French-speaking Canada, they are often targeted by language planning agencies, which try to promote their replacement with equivalent French terms. According to the 2011 census, the Canadian population included 6,775,800 people who were born abroad; out of this total, 72.8 per cent stated that their mother tongue was neither French nor English, 23.8 per cent stated that it was English, and 3.4 per cent that it was French, Thus, people with French as their mother tongue represent only a small proportion of the immigrant population in Canada. Francophones in Canada Canada is officially a bilingual country, so each Canadian province and territory has both an English and a French name. The origin of Franco-Newfoundlanders is double: the first ones to arrive are especially of Breton origin, attracted by the fishing possibilities. However, the law also provides for the use of English in Quebec. The term Canada may also refer to today's Canadian federation created in 1867, or the historical Province of Canada, a British colony comprising southern Ontario and southern Quebec (referred to respectively as Upper Canada and Lower Canada when they were themselves separate British colonies prior to 1841). Population: 7,903,001 Capital: Quebec City Largest City: Montreal Main Industries: Quebec is the only province in Canada with a dominant French-speaking population. It is also the Atlantic province where government support for French is greatest and is guaranteed by the provincial constitution (New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province in Canada). English-speaking Canadians attacked the government for coddling Quebec. The extent to which the paths of French in the Québec diaspora and French in Québec are diverging is currently the subject of an in-depth multidisciplinary study, part of a major project on French in North America, entitled Le français à la mesure d’un continent. After 1758, they were deported to England and France.



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