[229] Typically CNBC states Irish whiskey is not as smoky as a Scotch whisky, but not as sweet as American or Canadian whiskies.

[229] Whiskey forms the basis of traditional cream liqueurs, such as Baileys, and the "Irish coffee" (a cocktail of coffee and whiskey reputedly invented at Foynes flying-boat station) is probably the best-known Irish cocktail. However, a number of finds of Roman coins have been made, for example at the Iron Age settlement of Freestone Hill near Gowran and Newgrange. During the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, a strong tradition of painting emerged, including such figures as John Butler Yeats, William Orpen, Jack Yeats and Louis le Brocquy. However, some clubs based outside Belfast thought that the IFA largely favoured Ulster-based clubs in such matters as selection for the national team. Hull, Mark: "The Irish Interlude: German Intelligence in Ireland, 1939–1943". Update to date information about population of Ireland in 2020. Norman settlements were characterised by the establishment of baronies, manors, towns and the seeds of the modern county system. [107], The GDP per capita in the Republic of Ireland was $78,335 (nominal) as of 2018,[106] and in Northern Ireland (as of 2016) was €23,700. With a regular army of only slightly over seven thousand men at the start of the war, and with limited supplies of modern weapons, the state would have had great difficulty in defending itself from invasion from either side in the conflict. Smaller groups included the aithechthúatha (see Attacotti), Cálraighe, Cíarraige, Conmaicne, Dartraighe, Déisi, Éile, Fir Bolg, Fortuatha, Gailenga, Gamanraige, Mairtine, Múscraige, Partraige, Soghain, Uaithni, Uí Maine, Uí Liatháin. The Gaelic Revival of the early 20th century has had a long-term influence. Religious allegiance now determined the perception in law of loyalty to the Irish King and Parliament. The current population of Ireland is 4,951,334 as of Wednesday, September 30, 2020, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. [152], Forested areas typically consist of monoculture plantations of non-native species, which may result in habitats that are not suitable for supporting native species of invertebrates. [15] The earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC, demonstrated by a butchered bear bone found in a cave in County Clare. [18][33] This conclusion is supported by recent research carried out by the geneticist David Reich, who says: “British and Irish skeletons from the Bronze Age that followed the Beaker period had at most 10 percent ancestry from the first farmers of these islands, with other 90 percent from people like those associated with the Bell Beaker culture in the Netherlands.” He suggests that it was Beaker users who introduced an Indo-European language, represented here by Celtic (i.e. There is also a small Jewish population.

It declined under British rule but remained the majority tongue until the early 19th century, and since then has been a minority language. Over the last 1,200 years, the island has been inhabited by the Vikings, Normans, Welsh, Scots, English, Eastern Europeans, Africans, and South Americans, the latter two to a lesser degree. [202] All GAA players, even at the highest level, are amateurs, receiving no wages, although they are permitted to receive a limited amount of sport-related income from commercial sponsorship. A further 50,000[Note 1] were sent into indentured servitude in the West Indies. A population of over 8 million in 1841 was reduced to slightly more than 4 million by 1921. Henry successfully re-imposed his authority over Strongbow and the Cambro-Norman warlords and persuaded many of the Irish kings to accept him as their overlord, an arrangement confirmed in the 1175 Treaty of Windsor. Although the population of Ireland is expected to continue to grow in the years to come, it will likely do so at an increasingly slow rate, however this could only be temporary. [80], The pro-independence republican party, Sinn Féin, received overwhelming endorsement in the general election of 1918, and in 1919 proclaimed an Irish Republic, setting up its own parliament (Dáil Éireann) and government. These were a set of laws designed to prevent the assimilation of the Normans into Irish society by requiring English subjects in Ireland to speak English, follow English customs and abide by English law. Nationalists, mainly Roman Catholic, wanted to unite Ireland as an independent republic, whereas unionists, mainly Protestant, wanted Northern Ireland to remain in the United Kingdom. Several different habitat types are found in Ireland, including farmland, open woodland, temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, conifer plantations, peat bogs and a variety of coastal habitats. [88] Historian R. F. Foster argues the cause was a combination of a new sense of initiative and the entry of American corporations. The 19th and early 20th centuries saw the rise of modern Irish nationalism, primarily among the Roman Catholic population. Historical linguists are skeptical that this method alone could account for the absorption of Celtic language, with some saying that an assumed processional view of Celtic linguistic formation is 'an especially hazardous exercise'. Later in the century, Charles Stewart Parnell and others campaigned for autonomy within the Union, or "Home Rule". Prior to partition in 1921, Ireland had a long history as an economic colony - first of the Norse (9th to 10th centuries CE), and later of England. Gaelic football, hurling and handball are the best-known of the Irish traditional sports, collectively known as Gaelic games. ", This page was last edited on 9 October 2020, at 19:49. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant. [68] Thus, the parliament in Ireland was abolished and replaced by a united parliament at Westminster in London, though resistance remained, as evidenced by Robert Emmet's failed Irish Rebellion of 1803. The Great Famine of 1845–1851 devastated Ireland, as in those years Ireland's population fell by one-third.
In the 20th century, Ireland produced four winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature: George Bernard Shaw, William Butler Yeats, Samuel Beckett and Seamus Heaney.

Dublin covers just 44 square miles, making the population density 43,181 people per square mile. The title of King of Ireland was re-created in 1542 by Henry VIII, the then King of England, of the Tudor dynasty. Later major groups included the Connachta, Ciannachta, Eóganachta. About 400 species of birds have been recorded in Ireland. [230], This article is about the island in Europe. Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom with a local executive and assembly which exercise devolved powers.
[66][67] Local gentry and charitable organisations provided relief but could do little to prevent the ensuing mortality.[66][67]. [38] The relationship between the Roman Empire and the kingdoms of ancient Ireland is unclear. In both the 1970s and 2000s, Ireland saw periods of rapid growth. It began to be written down after Christianisation in the 5th century and spread to Scotland and the Isle of Man, where it evolved into the Scottish Gaelic and Manx languages respectively.

The island of Ireland consists of 32 counties and two political jurisdictions: the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The concept did not become a political reality until the Viking Age and even then was not a consistent one. As of 2016, 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland, and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.[3]. There were several unsuccessful attempts to end the Troubles politically, such as the Sunningdale Agreement of 1973. Yearly % Change: For 2019: percentage change in total population over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). ", "The Irish-American population is seven times larger than Ireland", "Hustling to Find Classrooms For All in a Diverse Ireland", "Ireland's Age of Affluence Comes to an End", "Head-to-Head: The Irish Language Debate", "Table 15: Irish speakers aged 3 years and over in each Province, County and City, classified by frequency of speaking Irish, 2006", "Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999", "Nobel Prize in Physics 1951 – Presentation Speech", "William Thomson: king of Victorian physics", "John Bell: Belfast street named after physicist who proved Einstein wrong", "Five Irish Scientists Who Put Chemistry on the Map", "Initiative's latest ViewerTrack study shows that in Ireland GAA and soccer still dominate the sporting arena, while globally the Superbowl (sic) was the most watched sporting event of 2005", "Sports Participation and Health Among Adults in Ireland", "Croke Park. A 2015 study showed that almost 1 in 8 people living in Ireland were born abroad. In 2006, 10% of the population (420,000 people) were foreign nationals, while 24% of births were to mothers born outside of the country. Other major cities with populations in the 100,000 range include Limerick, Galway, and Swords. EirGrid has started building a HVDC transmission line between Ireland and Great Britain with a capacity of 500 MW,[115] about 10% of Ireland's peak demand. [30][31] Genetic lineage investigation into the area of Celtic migration to Ireland has led to findings that showed no significant differences in mitochondrial DNA between Ireland and large areas of continental Europe, in contrast to parts of the Y-chromosome pattern. This defined the Irish state as the Lordship of Ireland. Across Ireland, there is significant interest in the English and, to a lesser extent, Scottish soccer leagues. Other notable Irish physicists include Ernest Walton, winner of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Physics. The main Gaeltacht areas are in the west, south-west and north-west. [146], The algal and seaweed flora is that of the cold-temperate variety. As part of the Good Friday Agreement, the British and Irish governments agreed on the creation of all-island institutions and areas of cooperation. Contemporary Irish visual artists of note include Sean Scully, Kevin Abosch, and Alice Maher. [187] Although in the early Middle Ages the church was "quite unlike its counterpart in continental Europe",[188] there was considerable interchange between monastic settlements in Ireland and the rest of Europe that contributed to what is known as Gregorian chant. The Vikings were involved in establishing most of the major coastal settlements in Ireland: Dublin, Limerick, Cork, Wexford, Waterford, as well as other smaller settlements.


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