His court musicians included C. P. E. Bach, Johann Joachim Quantz, Carl Heinrich Graun and Franz Benda.

As a youth, Frederick showed little interest in military matters, preferring poetry and philosophy; subjects he studied in secret because his father disapproved; in fact, Frederick was often beaten and berated by his father for his interests. He was interested in attracting a diversity of skills to his country, whether from Jesuit teachers, Huguenot citizens, or Jewish merchants and bankers. "[89] However, in a letter to his favorite brother, Prince Henry, Frederick admitted that the Polish provinces were economically profitable: Frederick also sent in Jesuits to open schools, and befriended Ignacy Krasicki, whom he asked to consecrate St. Hedwig's Cathedral in 1773. The terms of the Treaty of Breslau between Austria and Prussia, negotiated in June 1742, gave Prussia all of Silesia and Glatz County,[34] with the Austrians retaining only the portion called Austrian or Czech Silesia. “The Flutist of Sanssouci: Frederick ‘the Great’ as Composer and Performer,” Flutist Quarterly 18 (Fall 2012): 19–26; a Dutch translation of the same article has been published in. Paintings by different schools were displayed strictly separately: 17th-century Flemish and Dutch paintings filled the western wing and the gallery's central building, while Italian paintings from the High Renaissance and Baroque were exhibited in the eastern wing. However, he does not seem to have taken much interest in the work of the society. He is often admired as one of the greatest tactical geniuses of all time, especially for his usage of the oblique order of battle, in which attack is focused on one flank of the opposing line, allowing a local advantage even if his forces were outnumbered overall (which they often were). [197] It depicts the life of Frederick the Great.

Frederick was granted a royal pardon and released from his cell on 18 November, although he remained stripped of his military rank. When Joseph tried the scheme again in 1784, Frederick created the Fürstenbund, allowing himself to be seen as a defender of German liberties, in contrast to his earlier role of attacking the imperial Habsburgs. https://www.history.com/topics/germany/frederick-ii-prussia. In the years of war that followed, Frederick racked up daring tactical victories, but often at great cost to the dwindling Prussian forces. He wrote ‘ Micromegas ‘ during his stay in the palace. Many German rulers sought to emulate the success of Louis XIV of France and adopted French tastes and manners, though often adapted to the German cultural context.

Frederick looked upon many of his new Polish citizens with scorn, but carefully concealed that scorn when actually dealing with them.

Frederick’s father, King Frederick William I, was an enthusiastic soldier-king who worked to build up Prussia’s army, ensuring that when Frederick assumed the throne he would have an outsize military force.

In 2016, Frederick was featured on Epic Rap Battles of History as an opponent of Ivan the Terrible in a rap battle between Alexander the Great and Ivan the Terrible and is portrayed by Lloyd Ahlquist. Frederick hoped these two great victories would force Austria to negotiate, but Maria Theresa was determined not to make peace until she had recovered Silesia, and the war continued. Frederick’s improvements in individual rights and free thinking environment made Prussia one of the outstanding countries for the philosophers of the age of Enlightenment. Enlightened absolutism is the theme of an essay by Frederick the Great, who ruled Prussia from 1740 to 1786, defending this system of government. In contrast, Frederick's mother Sophia was polite, charismatic and learned. However, when the French and the Austrians pursued him into Saxony and Silesia, Frederick decisively defeated them at the battles of Rossbach and Leuthen.

[28] The fortress at Ohlau fell almost immediately and became the winter quarters for Frederick's army. Hohenzollerns became kings, dukes, and emperors in the region from the establishment of the dynasty in the 11th century until the overthrow of the German aristocracy in the wake of World War I in 1918.

Associations with him became far less favorable after the fall of the Nazis, largely due to his status as one of their symbols. Frederick rendered Prussians a great service by his judicial reforms, which freed the courts from political pressures. Without Frederick, Germany might never have become a world power. He died on August 17, 1786, at Sansssouci, his beloved Rococo palace at Potsdam outside Berlin. In these correspondences, Frederick exhibited his great admiration to Voltaire and shared some of his writings with him. When their plot was discovered, King Frederick William threatened to charge Frederick with treason and strip him of his status as Crown Prince, and then had Katte executed in front of his son. This policy allowed Prussia's population to recover very quickly from its considerable losses during Frederick's three wars. [citation needed], Frederick William I, popularly dubbed the Soldier King, had created a large and powerful army led by his famous "Potsdam Giants", carefully managed his treasury, and developed a strong centralized government. [168] At Sanssouci, Frederick entertained his most privileged guests, especially the French philosopher Voltaire, whom he asked in 1750 to come to live with him.

[163][164] In the New Palace, his greatest place of residence, Frederick kept the fresco Ganymede Is Introduced to Olympus by Charles Vanloo: "the largest fresco in the largest room in his largest palace", in the words of a biographer.[165]. On the other hand, while still considering the German culture of his time to be inferior to that of France or Italy, he did try to foster its development. With an army drilled to perfection by his late father, Frederick annexed and held Silesia and invaded Bohemia with an army of 140,000. [177] Even in his late 60s and early 70s when he was increasingly crippled by asthma, gout and other ailments, he rose before dawn, drank six to eight cups of coffee a day, "laced with mustard and peppercorns", and attended to state business with characteristic tenacity. "[96] Frederick and Napoleon are perhaps the most admiringly quoted military leaders in Clausewitz' On War.
[9], In the mid-1720s, Queen Sophia Dorothea attempted to arrange the marriage of Frederick and his sister Wilhelmine to her brother King George II's children Amelia and Frederick, respectively. These gatherings involved artists and intellectuals from all around Europe. In 1756 Europe’s longstanding alliances reshuffled during the so-called Diplomatic Revolution, which saw Austria allied with France and Russia as Prussia sided with England. Also, he was cool toward the revival of German culture in the later part of his reign, as he was unimpressed by the authors of the "Sturm und Drang" movement and remained of essentially classical taste. [172] In it, Voltaire explicitly detailed Frederick's homosexuality and the circle surrounding him.


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